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Entries for the ‘Hyper-V’ Category

Dell AppAssure Universal Backup

Dell AppAssure was the winner of the 2012 Virtualization Review VMworld Best of Breed Awards as the Best Backup and Data Protection Product, which got me thinking what is so special about it. Further, if AppAssure did not have anything special about them Dell would not have enough to reason to happily acquire them back in February. After all those news about AppAssure and my personal interest in storage/backup & recovery arenas I have decided to try it out.

After trying it out for a bit in my lab & reading more about it, I have found the below three features about Dell AppAssure to be the most exciting ones :

1- Backup from any where & restore to any where or as I would like to call it Universal Backup. It was really interesting to know that Dell AppAssure can take virtual machines(VMware, Hyper-V, Citrix) & Physical machine backup and restore it to any desired target. For example you can backup a VM on Hyper-V then restore it to a VMware environment or backup a physical machine the restore it to a VM on any desire hypervisor or to a different physical machine even if it has a different hardware. Being a universal backup solution will save the admins of having to run multiple backup solutions across their heterogeneous environment.

2- Dell AppAssure Smart Agents monitors the server’s disks for changed blocks, which allow Dell AppAssure to do almost a continuous backup. By default its every 60 minutes, where you can set it up much shorter than that if required.  Further, the Smart Agents allow Dell App Assure to conduct an application consistent backup using snapshots where you know your application will be in a consistent state when you restore your VM or machine.

3- Instant VM Recovery which is becoming available with more and more virtualization specialized backup solution these days, where it allows you to run a VM from backup without having to restore it which cut the recovery time from hours to few minutes. Though combining this feature with the previous two Dell AppAssure features mentioned above it will allow you to have a much better RPO/PTO even for a highly heterogeneous datacenter.

If you are looking for a backup solution for your heterogeneous environment then Dell AppAssure is definitely worth a try!

Posted in: Hyper-V | Leave a Comment
 

My Take of infoworld.com Virtualization shoot-out: Citrix, Microsoft, Red Hat, and VMware

Infoworld has published a quite interesting comparison between Citrix, Microsoft, Red Hat, & VMware at  Virtualization shoot-out: Citrix, Microsoft, Red Hat, and VMware. Its quite detailed and the methodologies and comparison basis was documented clearly which make it worth going through.

Although I agree with the comparison to a great degree I still had few comments to post on it. First of all let look at the great news the article has brought:

- VMware are the leaders when it comes to Advanced/Creative features.

- VMware were the only hypervisor to give a consistent performance with every OS & all kind of loads. (Hyper-V performed well when virtualizing Windows, but not Linux or other OS’s. Where RHEV & Citrix Xen performed Well for Linux OS, but not consistently well for Windows). Although it was mentioned in the comparison, I believe this point need to be given a great emphasizes as you don’t want to have a different hypervisor for different OS’s and work load in your environment, when you can have one Hypervisor that will perform will for all. Further, using one hypervisor for all will give you a better utilization of your resources.

- VMware has the widest guest OS Support, over double of the closest hypervisor. Imagine even just testing for a very popular Linux edition Red Hat 6 in this article, they had to use Red Hat 5.5 with Hyper-V as 6 was not supported.

- Something that grabbed my attention was that RHEV has been ranked higher in the review than Hyper-V & Citrix, although I have not been seeing them much in the real world competition. I guess Microsoft Marketing has a much louder speakers than others :) .

- First Glitch that got my attention that the comparison has mentioned the gab between the features in all of these hypervisors are getting closer & the underestimation of powerful features that vSphere has & competitors does not. I believe features like Storage VMotion, DRS, vDistribute Switches, VAAI, ability to run Nexus switches virtually, vShield, Network/Storage I/O control, & host profiles are all getting very critical for organization of all sizes not just for the enterprise. Further, small companies should put it strategy that it will grow to an enterprise one day & then it should have the option to pay for these features it need rather than a full rip and replace the full infrastructure when these features are required.

- Second glitch I can see is the way the performance was measured. The performance was measured by a very simplistic loads where SMP performance were not really pushed to the limit. I believe if performance tests would considered Tier one apps where multiprocessing performance to be pushed to the limit performance gap between vSphere & other hypervisors would have been greater.

- Third glitch when pricing comparison was carried out, it was carried out based on cost per physical server, rather than considering cost per VM which seems to be a better measure to document ROI & TCO in Virtualization scenarios.

Over all I believe the article was worth reading & quite fair to all nonetheless of few glitches, but hey who can write for perfection these days.

If you read the comparison and my review above and had a thought, then please share it in the comment area below.

Posted in: Hyper-V | Leave a Comment
 

Are Microsoft really better at virtualizing their own products?

As our company is a partner of VMware, Citrix, & Microsoft. Yop, you heard it all of them at one shop. I get to visit many customers & try to help them find the best virtualization product for their enviornment. Lately, I have noticed a tendancy of many customers saying, “I will go Hyper-V as Microsoft know how to virtualize their products better than others.” It seems the Microsoft local partners have found a good stereo type to use that “the solution for every customer virtualization need is a hammer.”

I decided to do some study & find out if Microsoft really support their products in Virtualization better than others & below some of the findings that make me believe the opposite.

1- VMware & Xen support more versions of Microsoft Operating Systems on their enterprise virtualization solutions than Microsoft ever did with MS Hyper-V R2.

2- Microsoft has a restrict limitation on the number of CPUs that are supported on their earlier versions of Windows when running on Hyper-V as shown below:

▫ Windows 2003 can at max use 2 virtual CPUs
▫ Windows 2000 can at max use  1 virtual CPU
▫ Windows Vista can use at max 2 virtual CPUs
▫ Windows XP can use at max 1 virtual CPU (although Windows XP Professional with SP3 and XP Professional x64 Edition can use 2 virtual CPUs)

These limitation on the number of supported virtual CPUs specially on Windows 2000 & Windows 2003 can be a major turn off for customers who still not yet ready to upgrade to Windows 2008. Its funny to know that VMware is not affected by these processors limitation & can support the max number of CPUs the Windows OS support in a physical enviornment.

3- I have measured the performance for MS Exchange 2007 & MS SQL 2005 at several customers, & it seems like VMware has always performed better specially under heavy load.

4- It seems Microsoft has forgot Windows 7 from its virtualization plans. There are currently no Microsoft Virtualization product supported to run on Windows 7. Both MS Virtual PC 2007 & MS Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 are not supported on Windows 7. Its funny to know that most third party vendors including VMware has a virtualization product that runs on Windows 7 since the release date.

I guess the list can go on and on, which tell me nothing more than Microsoft still laggin even on virtualizing their own products at the moment. Please try to digest what you read or hear specially from the sales people before you set your mind.

At the end I must say Microsoft Virtualization products are not bad products, but they don’t always support MS products better than others.

Posted in: Hyper-V | 6 Comments
 

DHCP is not working on MS Windows 2008 Hyper-V

I have been hearing many IT Professionals on many forums on the web complaining that their DHCP Server which is setup at the parent partition of their MS Windows 2008 Hyper-V Server is not working. Further more many of them has reported an error similar to the below one in their error logs:

1041:
The DHCP service is not servicing any DHCPv4 clients because none of the
active network interfaces have statically configured IPv4 addresses, or
there are no active interfaces.

The first thing I would like to bring to these administrators attention & to everyone else trying to setup any services or application in the parent partition of Hyper-V to consider avoiding that if possible at all cost. As its not recommended and almost not supported to use the parent partition for serving roles & services beside the Hyper-V role.

As most people who had been reading my blog for a while, they know I would not write this post to only hammer others of it being not recommended :) . I am actually going to provide the work around below, but this should only be used in a test or development enviornment not production enviornemnt and as usual at your own risk.

Short Answer:

Buy another NIC and dedicate it to your Hyper-V tasks.

Long Answer:

  1. Install a second physical NIC on your Hyper-V server and patch it into your network.
  2. Open the Virtual Network Manager in the Hyper-V console and remove all virtual networks
  3. Configure your secondary NIC with an available IP from you LAN and a subnet mask. Leave the gateway, DNS and WINS empty.
  4. Open the Virtual Network Manager in the Hyper-V console and create a virtual network using the secondary NIC.
  5. Open Add/Remove Bindings on the DHCP server and remove the checks from all bindings except for your NIC. You may get an ambiguous error about an incorrect parameter which you can ignore.
  6. Restart the DHCP server and open Add/Remove Bindings to verify that the changes you made were saved.
  7. If all went well you should now be able to get DHCP leases from the Hyper-V server’s server primary NIC and use the secondary NIC for Virtual Machine access.
  8. If you use the Windows firewall, disable it for this process and re-enable it when DHCP works with the Virtual NIC.

    This had worked for me & hope it will work out for you.  I would like to thank Jaxplanet for sharing this method at another forum :) . It helped me setup a Hyper-V lab with a poor man setup of one server :) .

    Share your success or problem with us in the comments field below.

    Posted in: Hyper-V | 2 Comments
     

    Sony VAIO laptops disabled Intel VT

    This article title say “Sony VAIO laptops disabled Intel VT“, but what should that mean to you. It should mean the world to a lot of us. It should mean think twice trice before you buy a Sony VAIO laptop, due to the amount of limitation that come with disabling Intel VT. Ok, let’s see some of the most obvious limitation:

    1- Sony VAIO Laptops will not support Windows 7 XP mode, which require enabling hardware Virtualization:

    Windows 7 will be offering a great feature which is called XP mode, which will allow you to run most of XP applications on Windows 7 without having to worry about application compatibility with Windows 7. As Windows 7 XP mode requires Hardware Virtualization which Sony has decided to disable on their laptops. This means if you are upgrading to windows 7 then Sony VAIO laptop might not be for you.

    2- Sony VAIO Laptops will not support MS Hyper-V.

    If you are the average Joe, & you don’t care about testing stuff and Virtualization is only a buzzword to you then this might not affect you. Though if you care even a bit of running Hyper-V on your laptop for testing Hyper-V it self or test multiple OS on your laptop at a time then again Sony VAIO is not the laptop for you. Thanks to Sony disabling Intel VT on their Laptops.

    3- Sony VAIO Laptops will not support vSphere.

    I know, I know vSphere was not meant to run on a laptop. Though its nice to be able to run vSphere on your laptop inside VMware workstation, just to show it up to customers as an immediate POC or just for testing the new features of vSphere. I know this might be only for Virtualization geeks like me, but I know a lot of us exist out there. This again means Sony VAIO Laptops are not for us (All Virtualization Geeks out there).

    Background & Credit:

    I owe to give a bit of background and credit about how I discovered these limitation. Actually one of my friends had bought one of these nice Sony VAIO Laptops for over 2,000 CAD from one of the large computer stores. When he went home he installed Windows 7 on it, but failed to enable the XP mode on it. He gave me a call, and again we both tried to enable Intel VT which is required by XP mode on Windows 7 to no success. I have turned around to google and a fast search landed me on the following post by virtualization.info Sony explains why it disabled Intel VT in VAIO laptops , which make us certain we will never succeed doing that and reading the post further I found out the above limitations & decided to share it with my readers. I know all of you are a virtualization lovers, so you might want to avoid buying VAIO Laptops at the moment till sony fix this issue. Or maybe take a step further, and let Sony know that you need them to enable Intel VT on their laptops.

    Note: Sorry Sony, but my friend has just went back to the store & replaced his laptop by another brand which worked just fine. I believe this will happen a lot in the next few months unless these limitations are resolved, not to mention Windows 7 official release is very close.

    Any update on this issue & when it will be resolved can be posted inthe comments area below, and will highly be appreciated by me & my readers.

    Posted in: Hyper-V | 5 Comments
     

    Finaly Microsoft opens Hyper-V code to the Linux community

    In a very interesting article by Jeffrey Schawartz in Readmondmag.com, has published an interesting news about Microsoft’s decision – “unthinkable” until a few days ago – MS “open” more than 20,000 lines of code to the Linux community under the license GPLv2 (General Public License version 2).

    -
    The code, published on Monday, includes three device drivers that will allow any business enterprise or any distribution of Linux community to use this device in a virtual machine within the stack virtualization of Microsoft Hyper-V battery.

    -
    This would be the first time Microsoft opened its code to the Linux community, free of any licensing or patent restrictions under the GPLv2 license.

    -
    It’s very interesting to see at least a historical opponent to open source as Microsoft, releasing part of its code to the Linux community. Something is definitely changing – which is hopefully for the better.

    I wonder what would be the next code that Micorosft will open up as GPLv2 :) . Leave your guess in comments.

    Posted in: Hyper-V, Ubuntu | Leave a Comment
     

    Citrix Essentials for Hyper-V is now offered 4 free

    Citrix Systems, Inc. has just made available to the general public, Citrix Essentials for HyperV – Express Edition version, for free.

    The new version of Express Edition is available for immediate download and includes Citrix StorageLink technology. With StorageLink, Windows administrators can dramatically simplify storage management.

    The Express Edition version of Citrix Essentials for Hyper-V is designed specifically for IT professionals in Windows environments that are in the early stages of adoption of Hyper-V.

    Express Edition Citrix Essentials for Hyper-V supports up to two servers and a Hyper-V cabin storage.

    This version can be upgraded easily to the Enterprise version ($ 1500) or Platinum ($ 3000) which include dynamic server provisioning and management through automated workflow orchestration.

    Definitely, Citrix does not want to neglect the SMB market.

    Posted in: Citrix, Hyper-V | Leave a Comment
     

    MS Hyper-V Virtualization Myths Busting

    I have just came across a video of Microsoft trying to bust VMware top Myths, but what is funny to me it seems Microsoft had just busted them selfes in the video than anything else. The link to the video is below:

    http://www.microsoft.com/video/en/us/details/f8c3314f-c82d-4f8d-8b19-6a59733670f8

    I have seen Gabe reply on his blog at his Gabes virtualization Blog which seems to be a great busting to this video. Below is what Gabe is saying on his blog or please read it directly on Gabe blog at http://www.gabesvirtualworld.com/?p=445. Please give credit to Gabes & read this on his blog :) .

    ============== Directly from Gabes Virtualization Blog ===========

    In the video they have 10 myths they want to bust, 10 points on which VMware is wrong when comparing ESX to Hyper-V. Some of these busts are not quit correct. Therefore my list:

    1) Microsoft has no live migration.

    According to the two gentlemen in the video Microsoft does have Live Migration: “In Microsoft Windows 2008 R2 that is coming out really soon we have Live Migration”. Correct !!! In R2 there is Live Migration and it works just like VMware’s VMotion. Busted !!! Well, no not exactly, because R2 is still in beta and there is no official release date yet. Last time I heard R2 was coming early 2010, which is still 8 months away. So, at THIS moment (April 2009), Hyper-V has no Live Migration feature.

    2) Clustered file systems

    The gentlemen again talk about a Windows 2008 Release 2 feature. And again the correct answer should be: “No we don’t have that in Hyper-V 1.0, but we do have it in Release 2.”, but instead they check this as a busted myth. Strange line though: “so all these issues are addressed in Release 2″. Unfortunately, no points on this one for them.

    3) Hyper-V is a 1.0 product.

    The gentlemen claim that VMware says Hyper-V is a version 1 product and it is not scalable, not mature, not fast enough. They counter this by giving examples on how many Hyper-V installs that are running at Microsofts data centers and that for example the technet website is completely running on Hyper-V and they have seen situations in which 4500 VMs were running on Hyper-V. Well, this doesn’t say anything about reliability, stability and scalability. If you have all systems run 1-on-1 (1 VM on 1 Hyper-V host) you can also have 4500 VMs running and I bet it is quite stable. Now, of course I don’t believe that they were actually running all those systems 1-on-1, but I just want to make the point that this doesn’t proof that Hyper-V is scalable, etc, etc. If you want to bust a myth, please bring some better arguments.

    4) Low performance

    I have to admit on this one that performance on Hyper-V does look much better then I would have expected. Only trouble I see in all these tests, they never give all the details on how and what. Please someone show us a real good in-depth report that I could reproduce in my own lab, which compares all the top 3 hypervisors at this point (Hyper-V, Xen and ESX).

    To me, I think, it is not really myth busted, but since performance does seem to keep up with the rest of the hypervisors, let’s call this: Myth busted.

    5) Footprint

    The myth they want to bust here, is that the difference in footprint isn’t that big, plus they raise the question whether the footprint really matters. I have to agree with these guys that if you use a disk to install ESX or Hyper-V on, it doesn’t matter that much if the hypervisor or OS with hypervisor uses just 2 GB or 10GB of disk space. When buying a disk these days, the smallest is 36GB, maybe 18GB if you’re lucky and it doesn’t matter because in most installations, you consider that local disk as “lost”, you won’t be hosting VMs on it. It is a different story however, when you want to run disk less servers and boot the hypervisor from USB (USB stick or internal USB chip), then size does matter.

    What the memory footprint is concerned once the hypervisor is loaded, I do think they again have a point. By default, ESX uses 272MB of memory to load kernel, console and management agents. But most admins will already have set the memory they assign to the Service Console, to a value of 800MB. Now, when you install Windows 2008 core (not the R2 release) with Hyper-V installed, you will be running about the same amount of memory usage.

    Big question however is, is this really a myth? Does the end-user of one of these hypervisors really care?

    6) Broad hardware support

    Now here comes the nitpicking. The gentlemen show you a screenshot of the VMware website and tell you, VMware is comparing Citrix and VirtualIron’s HCL but not Hyper-V’s HCL. Technically these two guys are correct, but if you take a closer look, VMware states: “Microsoft claims that they have a very big HCL, because they can use the same Windows Server 2008 drivers for Hyper-V deployments. However, Windows drivers have traditionally been the major root cause when it comes to Windows instabilities”. Now I would rather have the gentlemen counter that statement, instead of just claiming they can run Hyper-V on any hardware.

    Another point that should be clear, is that most drivers from other vendors are not optimized for Hyper-V, not optimized for performance. I can remember some nics I installed, that had a 45MB driver included, which had all those great extra features, that I never asked for and probably don’t do any good to system stability. Also, the set of nics you can use if you want to trunk VLANs and automatic failover of links, is very limited. Which actually brings you to a rather short list of hardware that is truly compatible with Hyper-V.

    In other words, this myth is definitely NOT busted.

    7) Management

    They say “VMware is only talking about Virtual Machine Manager, they (VMware) are not talking about Systems Center”. What the gentlemen are trying to say here is that one shouldn’t compare vCenter to Virtual machine manager, but rather to the complete Systems Center suite. It is kind of difficult to really get to the point of where this is about, because I’m not sure what VMware claim this is all about.

    8 ) Memory Over-commit

    The statement for the gentlemen is that memory over-commit is only useful in a very few scenario’s and they haven’t seen the 2 to 1 ratio’s VMware talks about. If you want to have a real technical discussion, then they are right in that memory over-commit doesn’t give you the 2 to 1 ratio. But, what they forget to mention is that memory over-commit is just one part of the memory savings techniques, the biggest memory saver is “transparent page sharing”. These two techniques work together as one and together they can give you a 2 to 1 ration or even more (seen with some of my customers).

    Another point is the memory assignment for each VM they want you to make. Their statement is that if you monitor your VMs closely and give them just the right amount of memory, you don’t need to over-commit. Well, to be honest, I never give 893MB of RAM to a VM, it will probably get 1GB or maybe 1,5GB just to prevent the guest OS from swapping to its internal pagefile when a process suddenly has a memory spike. If you have a host that runs 50-60 VMs, that is quite some memory you’re wasting if there wasn’t memory over-commit. Plus, it saves me a lot of time consuming monitoring to find out if the VM needs 893MB or 900MB or 1150MB of RAM.

    And there is more. There is a big difference in over-commit and over-commit. I have explained this in other posts on my blog already, but I’ll give a short explanation here: When you assign more memory to the VMs then present in the host, but always make sure that the memory needed by the VMs doesn’t exceed the amount of physical memory present, you are over-committing and you are saving memory. You have no performance lost when you do memory over-commit the right way.

    9) Lower cost per VM

    Always a very difficult point: the cost per VM. Calculating the cost of a virtualization solution is always difficult, because it fully depends on how much virtual machines or applications you want to run and in the end, how many physical hosts plus licenses you are going to need for that. If product A is quite expensive but makes it possible to run twice as much VMs per host and you therefore have to buy less licenses of product A, you might be cheaper in the end compared to buying much more licenses of cheaper product B.

    Now, in the first part of myth bust number 9, they again use the memory over-commit to argue that VMware is cheaper then Hyper-V, but as pointed out on myth bust number 8, memory over-commit does work and does save memory and therefore in the end memory over-commit will cut down the number of needed hosts.

    In the second part of myth bust number 9, they talk about how VMware needs the higher consolidation ratio to get the price near Hyper-V’s price. Hmmm, what is so bad about that? Wasn’t virtualization for a large part about consolidation? And, like I stated above, if higher consolidation ratio saves me buying a number of hosts and therefore licenses, what is wrong with that.

    Never the less, I still find it difficult to compare prices between the two because a lot depends on this consolidation ratio, which is totally depended on the number and types of applications you are running in your data center. Of all the performance test I have seen, they where all difficult to reproduce and difficult to compare. What the business really needs, is a benchmark for virtualization. This way businesses can see how many VMs product A can run on one host, compared to product B and then do the math for their own organization.

    10) You Need VMware Virtualization

    This is getting really annoying because of the assumptions being made…. First statement of the distinguished gentlemen is about the layers of Hyper-V compared to VMware ESX. The guy on the left says: “With VMware you’re dealing with four layers. You got the hardware, the VMware layer, the Operating System and the applications. With our solution (Hyper-V) you have three layers. You have got the hardware, you have the Operating System and the applications.”. Excuse me? In Hyper-V you have exactly the same layers VMware ESX has, there is just a difference in which component runs in what layer. Luckily not everyone at Microsoft is as badly informed, see: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2008.10.hyperv.aspx, Figure 2. Being wrong on this statement makes this whole last myth bust totally incorrect and with that another myth bust turns out to be a myth it self.

    Summary

    Personally, I’m getting really tired by these “commercials” in which company A compares its product to company B and makes big mistakes in the comparison. I can live with commercials that say that pepsi is better then coca-cola, I can live with a commercial that says buy Hyper-V instead of VMware but I always have problems with seeing how Microsoft is constantly spreading this kind of commercials that are plain wrong. Why is that? Does Microsoft really have so much credit with their customers, does Microsoft think their customers don’t look any further then only Microsoft’s word? If they really need this to compete with VMware, why not bring out R2 very soon? Or maybe release a Hyper-V 1.5 version that only adds Live Migration and Clustered File System? This will make Hyper-V come closer to VMware ESX, especially in the SMB segments where the higher consolidation ratio’s don’t make such a big difference since they will not be running that many VMs in total.

    I do like a good hypervisor war, the more my customers can choose from, the more interesting work I have. But please, keep it a clean fight, because this is costing me many phone calls explaining why Hyper-V is not the right choice, yet.

    The original Microsoft post: Top 10 VMware myths video with David Greschler, the “Director of Virtualisation Strategy” for Microsoft and Edwin who is technical product manager for the same group.

    ============ Gabes Virtualization Blog Post End ===============

    I hope this help at least few people avoiding the MS Hyper-V Virtualization myths :) .

    Posted in: Hyper-V, VMware VI3 | 1 Comment
     

    MS Hyper-V Crashes under heavy load

    This video is just what the title said, MS Hyper-V Crashes under heavy load. Watch out what a mess you are planning to go into!!!!!

    I expect to see too many comments on this one, don’t get me disappointed :) .

    Posted in: Hyper-V | 6 Comments
     

    Building a Cluster with Hyper-V and Server Core (Part 3) and Creating a Windows Server 2008 Cluster

    In this series of posts, I will explain how to build a Windows Server 2008 cluster with Server Core and Hyper-V. There will be three posts as linked to below. Each post will be published as it get ready. Each post will have step-by-step snapshots. If it happens a certain image thumbnail is not good enough for you, then click on the snapshot to see a larger image.

    1st Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – Server preparation

    2nd Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – ISCSI Storage preparation & Configuration

    3rd Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – Creating Windows Server Core 2008 & Hyper-V Cluster (You are here)

    .

    3rd Part: Creating Windows Server Core 2008 & Hyper-V Cluster:

    We now have almost everything ready.

    Go to a server that has GUI (e.g. the DC) and run the Failover Cluster tool (you can choose to install the RSATs or to add the Failover cluster feature to get the tool).

    windows 2008 failover cluster management

    Go to Validate a Configuration.

    windows 2008 validate cluster configuration
    Click Next.

    windows 2008 failover cluster add nodes

    Then add the nodes (don’t ask me why one is called ar-naplab-hv01 and the other ar-techlab-hv02 because I don’t know)

    windows 2008 cluster validation run all tests

    Run all the tests and cross your fingers ….

    windows 2008 validating keep finger cross

    Next ..

    It starts.

    windows 2008 cluster validation start

    It is important to check that the disks were mounted on both nodes while the validation process is running.

    windows 2008 cluster validation bringing disks online

    Look at the report and make sure that everything is green.

    Windows 2008 CLuster Validation Result

    If yellow (warning) or red (failed) appears in the report, see where the error occurred and how it can be fixed.

    Back in the Failover Cluster tool, click on Create a cluster and Next .

    windows 2008 start cluster wizard

    Add the nodes.

    windows 2008 cluster add nodes to cluster

    It is now time for the configurations of the cluster name and IPs. I’m going to call mine hvcs (very creative: HyperV Cluster Service), remember that the name does not have the domain, that’s why I only put hvcs and not hvcs.ponicke.ad.

    windows 2008 cluster ip and name

    Un-select all networks except those where the cluster will respond to requests and enter the IP address of the cluster, in my case 192.168.1.200

    Review everything.

    windows 2008 cluster configuraiton confirmation window

    Cross your fingers again…

    windows 2008 cluster configuration in process

    Ready !!!!!!

    windows 2008 cluster completion summary

    Now there’s a nice cluster!

    windows 2008 cluster management ready

    Download the Hyper-V administration tool (64 bits) from:

    http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=88208468-0AD6-47DE-8580-085CBA42C0C2&displaylang=en

    Connect to the servers with Hyper-V.

    And it’s ready to virtualize!

    You can also learn about VM deployment on the following link:

    http://blogs.technet.com/ponicke/archive/2008/03/19/quick-migration-unleashed.aspx

    Thank you ponicke for this last article of the series.

    Posted in: Hyper-V | 9 Comments
     

    Building a Cluster with Hyper-V and Server Core (Part 2) and Creating a Windows Server 2008 Cluster

    In this series of posts, I will explain how to build a Windows Server 2008 cluster with Server Core and Hyper-V. There will be three posts as linked to below. Each post will be published as it get ready. Each post will have step-by-step snapshots. If it happens a certain image thumbnail is not good enough for you, then click on the snapshot to see a larger image.

    1st Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – Server preparation

    2nd Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – ISCSI Storage preparation & Configuration (You are here)

    3rd Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – Creating Windows Server Core 2008 & Hyper-V Cluster

    .

    2nd Part: ISCSI Storage Preperation & Configuration:

    From now on, we will perform all operations under the domain log-in administrator. This is very important because if we were logged in as local administrators for each node, we would not be able to conduct operations that have an impact on Active Directory.

    Go to Switch User and make sure to log in as the domain administrator, in my case ponicke\administrator.

    We are going to enable remote management and disable the firewall (Be careful with this last step as, here, we are in the laboratory, this should not be done in production so adjust the firewall appropriately)

    Cscript /windows/system32/scregedit.wsf /ar 0

    Cscript /windows/system32/scregedit.wsf /cs 0

    Netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off

    MS Windows 2008 servercore shuting down firewall

    Now comes a very exciting and important moment! We are going to enable the Hyper-V and Failover Cluster services.

    Ocsetup FailoverCluster-Core

    Ocsetup-Microsoft-Hyper-V

    (Please remember that all this is supposed to be done on both nodes even though I am only showing you one)

    Once this is done, you will have to restart both nodes, which will complete the installation.

    Now, it’s time to start thinking about connecting the LUNs to the nodes so that we make sure that we have automated and running iSCSI services in both nodes. It is easier to do this from an OS with GUI using an MMC with Services Snap-in connected to each node.

    From the DC, we will run MMC and add the snap-ins pointing to the server core nodes. This will give us their service console.

    saving service console to the ad machine

    Then, for each node, we will make sure that the service is automated and running.

    ms windows 2008 server core ensure service is automated and running

    Now, we can start connecting the LUNS to the nodes. To do so, in Node 1, we will use the command iscsicli (remember to repeat the same actions for the other node).

    In my case, the storage (iSCSI Target) is at ip 172.16.16.2

    iscsicli QAddTargetPortal 172.16.16.2

    windows 2008 server core adding iscsi target

    Now we will list the target for connection with the command iscicli ListTargets. This step is important to obtain the IQN that we will be using later.

    Windows 2008 server core iscsi obtain target iqn

    The upper screen shows the IQN listed for my iSCSI Target.

    Now connect!

    iscicli AddTarget IQN (previously obtained with ListTargets)

    Windows 2008 server core adding iscsi target IQN

    Finally, we will log in with iscicli QloginTarget IQN (previously obtained with ListTargets)

    windows 2008 server core iscsi qlogintarget iqn


    We’re almost done!

    Let’s list the discs!!

    Diskpart and list disk

    windows 2008 server core diskpart and listdisk

    Here you can see the three LUNS created for the cluster: a small one for the quorum and two 20GB for the VMs.

    We put them online select the disk.

    sele disk 1

    and then

    online disk

    Repeat this for disc 2 and 3.

    windows 2008 server core diskpart and listdisk for the rest

    Then come back to each disc to create the primary partitions.

    If, upon creating them, you get an error such as:

    Diskpart has encountered an error. The media is write protected, then you say:

    ATTRIBUTES DISK CLEAR READONLY

    and try again.

    In my case:

    sele disc 1

    create partition primary size = 498

    Windows 2008 Server Core create primary partitions

    and the same with the disc 2 and 3.

    Windows 2008 Server Core create primary partitions

    Assign the letters (if you want)

    Windows 2008 Server Core assign partition letters

    Repeat for all volumes

    windows 2008 server core assign partition letters repeat for the rest

    And reformat (leave diskpart with Exit)

    format e:

    format f:

    format g:

    Thanks again to ponicke for giving us this informative and very helpful article in Spanish. We hope that all of our English readers will find it just as helpful.

    Posted in: Hyper-V | 4 Comments
     

    Building a Cluster with Hyper-V & Server Core (Part 1) and Creating a Windows Server 2008 Cluster

    In this series of posts, I will explain how to build a Windows Server 2008 cluster with Server Core and Hyper-V. There will be three posts as linked to below. Each post will be published as it get ready. Each post will have step-by-step snapshots. If it happens a certain image thumbnail is not good enough for you, then click on the snapshot to see a larger image.

    1st Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – Server preparation (You are here)

    2nd Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – ISCSI Storage preparation & Configuration

    3rd Part: Hyper-V & Server Cluster – Creating Windows Server Core 2008 & Hyper-V Cluster

    .

    1st Part: Server Preparation:

    We all know that Server Core offers the best way to build a Hyper-V infrastructure because it reduces the area of attack and maximizes the availability of resources. On the other hand, it does not have GUI and is therefore a little harder to manage.

    This series of posts will try to show Server Core in a more manageable light as well as describe how to work in pure cmd.

    First, in order to save time and space, I’m going to make a few assumptions.

    We’re going to build a two-node cluster, with each containing a Server Core. We’ll assume that the AD is already in place so that we don’t have to touch it. Given the variety of storage solutions available, let’s assume that the LUNs are already created and that they are visible on the nodes. If they are fiber, then they should be seen easily; if they are iSCSI, you have to configure the iSCSI initiators.

    In this article, I am going to work with the more difficult case, which means that we should set up iSCSI targets in the Server Core. This requires more work but it gives us experience for the future.

    Overview of the solution:

    A running AD to which to attach the nodes. In my case, ar-naplab.dc01.ponicke.ad, a storage with 3 LUNs: one with 500MB for the quorum and two with 20GB for the HAVMs (High Availability Virtual Machines).

    Two Server Core Enterprise Edition with three network cards (in this case, we should really use four, but to keep things simple, we will share the public network card with management and VMS). Each Network Card should be connected to its corresponding switch.

    Here is the basic diagram:

    HyperV Cluster Diagram

    The Server Cores must be completely un-configured, as this is the goal of these posts.

    Once again, in order to save space, work and so on, I’m going to describe the steps for just one of the nodes. However, keep in mind that these steps must be carried out on both nodes, keeping in mind the parameters for each.

    First, we will rename the nodes so that they match the diagram.

    Use the command hostname to see the current name and then use netdom renamecomputer to rename it.

    The command in Node 1 will look something like this:

    netdom renamecomputer %computername% /newname:ar-naplab-hv01

    And the command in Node 2 will be:

    netdom renamecomputer %computername% /newname:ar-naplab-hv02

    Then, we will reboot with shutdown –t 0 -r

    Let’s look at this in action:

    HyperV Server Core change node name


    Once the restart is complete, we should have something like this:

    HyperV Server Core after Restart 1

    HyperV Server Core after restart 2

    Now, it’s time to configure the IPs for each network. As the diagram shows, I have three network cards connected to three different networks that are isolated from one another.

    netsh interface ip set address “Local Area connection” static 192.168.1.31 255.255.255.0 in Node 1, and

    netsh interface ip set address “Local Area connection” static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.0 in Node 2

    Ping to make sure that everything is going smoothly.

    MS Hyper-V ping to ensure connectivity

    Now we’ll start with the Hearbeat IP.

    netsh interface ip set address “Local Area connection 2″ static 10.10.10.31 255.255.255.0 in Node 1, and

    netsh interface ip set address “Local Area connection 2″ static 10.10.10.32 255.255.255.0 in Node 2

    Ping again to check connectivity.

    ms hyper-v ping again to review connectivity

    Here we will configure for the iSCSI network.

    netsh interface ip set address “Local Area connection 3″ static 172.16.16.31 255.255.255.0 in Node 1, and

    netsh interface ip set address “Local Area connection 3″ static 172.16.16.32 255.255.255.0 in Node 2

    Once again, ping.

    microsoft hyperv server core ping again


    Now comes the time to unite the nodes to the domain. For this, it is important to configure those DNSs that have not yet been configured (so far, we have only dealt with IPs).

    netsh interface ip set dns “Local Area connection” static 192.168.1.1 on both nodes

    Microsoft Hyper-v Server Core Set Dns

    and now join the two nodes to the domain.

    On both nodes run:

    netdom join %computername% /domain: ponicke.ad /userd: administrator /passwordd:Passw0rd (Attention: make sure that it is userd and password; if there’s no mistake, the output should look like the image below)

    And then restart with shutdown -t 0 -r
    Microsoft Hyper-v server core restart

    Once the restart is complete, we will have the basic infrastructure for our cluster with Hyper-V in Server Core. We are now ready to continue to our next post.

    This article was originally posted in Spanish by ponicke, but due to its important content and the fact that it is not available in English, we decided to post a translation of it on our blog. Enjoy it and thanks to Ponicke for the great article. Please note the article has been a bit modified where needed and to adapt with English.

    Posted in: Hyper-V | 2 Comments
     

    Hyper-V Virtual networks: A look at High Level

    One of the worst documented area in Virtualization, most confusing, and most troubling to Virtualization newbies is networking in a Virtualized environment. Although network settings in a virtualized environment is quite simple it requires a good understanding of few concepts and terms discussed into this post.

    While virtualization architectures and how the virtualization stack makes use of the network resources of the host & host teaming are different in Virtual Server and Hyper-V, the concepts are similar for Virtual Networks.

    First of all, it is important to make clear that there is no direct allocation between a virtual network card to a virtual machine and a network card used for physical server used for virtualization. The way to logically connect a network card in a VM with a physical network is to create a Virtual Network in Virtual Server or Hyper-V, as the case may be, and then logically connect the network card in the Virtual machine to this new virtual network.

    There are 3 types of virtual networks in Hyper-V, which are identified according to the usage of each virtual network. These 3 types of Virtual Networks are illustrated below.

    Internal network: This virtual network allows communication between virtual machines. In such networks, a packet never passes a physical network card or a network cable, but traffic in this network is only done at the physical server’s memory ram.

    External Network: The only type of networks that allows to establish communication between a virtual machine and a physical network (external).


    Private Network:
    This type of virtual networks aim to communication between the physical machine (Host) and the virtual machine running on it. As in the case of Internal network, this communication is done at the server’s RAM, no physical network traffic involved. This network type is explicitly only available in Hyper-V.

    Although Private network type does not exist in Virtual Server, you can still get the same functionality using the Loopback Adapter. It follows that it is also possible to categorize Virtual Networks among those that generate network traffic (External Network) and those that do not generate network traffic (Internal and Private Network).

    Uniting all of the above, the procedure is:

    Create a new Virtual Network in Virtual Server or Hyper-V, this can be Internal, External, or Private.
    At the time of creating this new virtual network, if you created an External network you will need to associate it with a physical network card from the physical server.

    In the properties of the Virtual Machine (on the management console Virtual Server or Hyper-V) logically connect the network card from the virtual machine with this newly created virtual network
    Finally in the virtual machine configure the properties of network card: IP address, netmask, DNS, Default Gateway.

    Important Safety Note: In Virtual Server function as a virtual network HUB, in other words, any computer connected to this virtual network can see traffic passing through this network, while in Hyper-V virtual networks operate as a switch, setting a communication “point to point” between virtual machines is possible.

    I hope I have helped you to better understand virtual networks.

    This article was highly inspired by Gonzalo

    Posted in: Hyper-V, MS Virtual Server | 3 Comments
     

    Hyper-V Live Migration vs. Quick Migration

    As we find out more about Windows Server Virtualization, it is only natural to start having doubts about its features. One of the most famous is Live/Quick Migration.

    I would therefore like to spend some time clarifying everything I can about this subject.

    First of all, Quick and Live Migration are not the same thing. They are not synonymous or interchangeable terms. Quick Migration is completely different from Live Migration.

    The WSV RTM will have Quick Migration available right away while Live Migration (which is the equivalent of VMware VMotion) will be ready in an update a few months after WSV RTM.

    While both are used to “move” a VM from one host to another, each one does so in a different way and at a different time. Live Migration can start a VM on another host in less than a second while Quick Migration needs more time, which depends on the amount of RAM in the VM and the connection speed to the storage.

    Now that the distinction has been made, we’re going to elaborate on each of them.


    Quick Migration

    Basically, it works in three steps:

    1. The machine is put in “Saved” state.
    2. The VM is taken by another host
    3. The VM is reset.


    The speed of Quick Migration does not depend on the size of the VM (size of the VHD). The following table shows the average time it takes for Quick Migration to “move” a VM:

    VM Memory

    1 GbE iSCSI

    2 Gb FC

    4 Gb FC

    512 MB

    ~8 seconds

    ~4 seconds

    ~2 seconds

    1 GB

    ~16 seconds

    ~8 seconds

    ~4 seconds

    2 GB

    ~32 seconds

    ~16 seconds

    ~8 seconds

    4 GB

    ~64 seconds

    ~32 seconds

    ~16 seconds

    8 GB

    ~2 minutes

    ~64 seconds

    ~32 seconds


    The requirements for Quick Migration are:

    1. Windows Server 2008 Enterprise or Datacenter x64 Editions in the parent partition. The host must use Windows Server 2008 Enterprise or Datacenter x64 Edition because Quick Migration requires Windows Server Cluster, which is only available in Windows Server 2008 Enterprise and Datacenter.

    2. Shared Storage. The Quick Migration of a VM from one server to another requires shared storage such as SAN (iSCSI or Fiber Channel) or NAS. Be careful because Windows Server 2008 does not support more clusters with SCSI.

    Live Migration Basics

    The requirements for Live Migration are similar to those for Quick Migration. The following is a rough description of the Live Migration process:

    1. Pre-flight Migration. Can migration be secure and reliable?

    a) Yes, migration can be and is safe.

    b) If any risk or problem is detected, migration cannot occur.

    2. VM Transfer.

    a) Copy the VM configuration and create the worker process in the other host.

    b) Move the memory pages from the current host to the new one. First move all the inactive pages you can to reduce the number of pages as much as possible.

    3. Final transfer and start-up of the VM. Ideally at this point, there is a very small set of pages saved to the VM as almost all the other ones were moved to another host. The remaining few are in active state. For the final step, pause the machine, move it from one host to another, and then turn it on. Move the storage connectivity from one server to the other and it’s ready.

    Live Migration in detail

    1. Pre-flight Migration: The first step in Live Migration occurs in the source host (where the VM is currently running) and the in the destination host (where the VM will be moved) to ensure that migration can in fact occur.

    The detailed steps are as follows:

    1. Identify the source and destination machines.

    2. Establish a network connection between the two hosts.

    3. Check of the various resources available:

    i) Are the processors similar in terms of internal architecture? (a VM in Intel cannot be moved to AMD and vice versa)

    ii) Is there enough RAM available in the destination?

    iii) Is there sufficient CPU available at the destination?

    iv) Is there access to required global resources (vhd, network, etc.)?

    v) Is there access to physical resources for devices that must remain associated with the VM after migration? In other words, the CD drives, DVDs and LUN or offline disks needed for re-association should to be available.

    If there are any problems during the pre-flight stage, migration cannot occur. The VM will stay where it is and will continue running as usual, as if no migration had occurred.

    If pre-flight is successful, migration can occur. Go on to Step 2.

    2. VM Transfer: Now that you know that Live Migration can occur safely, the actual migration process can begin. This step will move the VM state (inactive pages) in order to reduce the active VM as much as possible, leaving behind a small working set of the VM.

    Copy the VM configuration and device information to the destination and create the worker process. Then, transfer the VM memory to the destination while the VM is still running. Memory writes are intercepted and used to track actions that occur during migration. This page will be re-transmitted later.

    3. Final transfer and start-up of the VM: Now that you are almost done and most of the VM has been moved, it is time to complete the migration. What remains of the VM is paused; the VM is then transferred to another host; access to storage is moved from one host to the other, and the VM is reset in the destination host.

    While all this is going on, what happens to applications attempting to access the VM that is being migrated?

    First, it is important to understand why IT managers are looking to move a VM. The vast majority need this feature to perform preventive and scheduled maintenance of the hosts. In addition, this work should not be performed during peak hours, even with Live Migration. This means that, in most cases, a difference of >1 to 30 seconds is not too great when migration is programmed.

    Anyways, let’s focus on the subject at hand:

    Live Migration: As Live Migration is seen as a process that takes less than one second, this generally has no impact on the VM service. TCP/IP can tolerate minimal cuts, and continue to relay without the user even noticing.

    Quick Migration:
    Here the answer is more ambiguous: “It depends”. The reality is that it depends on how the client application supports connection cuts. Some applications use cache, which tolerates a few seconds of cuts, while others do not. If the application is well-designed and anticipates possible problems, there shouldn’t be any problems experiencing cuts up to 15 seconds long.

    So, the best thing to do is to test the applications that will eventually run in virtual servers with Quick Migration and see what happens. Then, in a physical server with the installed application, run it and use it to perform an action. Mid-way through the process, disconnect the network cable, count to 10, restore it, and see what happens.

    Thanks to Ponicke for inspiring this article.

    Posted in: Hyper-V | 17 Comments
     

    Hyper-V: Questions and Answers

    After the Hyper-V conference, I was asked some questions which I would now like to share with you.

    Drivers and Synthetic Hardware

    What is Synthetic Hardware?

    Synthetic Hardware uses the VMBus to send requests from the virtual machine device to the physical device. This type of hardware is available only to VMs that have Integration Services installed.

    How can I tell if the hardware in my virtual machine is emulated or synthetic?
    An easy way is to look at the hardware administration console: emulated hardware appears with the name of the hardware manufacturer, while synthetic hardware appears with names like “Microsoft VMBus”.

    Virtual networks


    How do I set up virtual networks?

    Why does the VM network card say that it is connected to 100 MBps when in fact I have a Gigabit network?
    “Legacy” network cards emulate an NIC Fast Ethernet (100 MBps).

    Why does the VM network card say it is to be connected to 10 GBps when the network is actually only 1 GBps?
    Synthetic network cards do not emulate any NIC, but connect directly to the virtual BUS of the hypervisor. This synthetic network card will run at the highest possible speed.

    SCVMM

    Can I manage Virtual Server with SCVMM 2008?

    Yes.

    Can I manage Hyper-V with SCVMM 2007?
    No. You can only do this with the 2008 version of SCVMM.

    When will the final version of SCVMM 2008 be available?
    In mid-October 2008, or sooner.

    Can Fast Migration (Quick Migration) with SCVMM 2008?
    Yes.

    Can I do Live Migration with SCVMM 2008?
    Yes, (but not yet).


    Live Migration


    What is the difference between Quick Migration and Live Migration?

    Is Live Migration the same thing as VMotion?
    Uh … “yes”.

    When will Live Migration be available?
    This is not yet certain.


    Licensing


    Could you explain what the licensing is for virtual machines running on Windows Server 2008 Enterprise?
    When you run Hyper-V on Windows Server 2008 Enterprise you can run up to 4 virtual machines without needing to buy extra licenses. The same is true if you have Virtual Server running on Windows 2003 server Enterprise.

    Certification


    Is there any certification for Hyper-V?
    Yes. The certification is called MCTS: Windows Server Virtualizaton, Configuring, and the exam that you must pass is 70-652. For more information, click HERE.

    More questions are welcome ;)

    Thank you Gonzalo for inspiring the content of this article.

    Posted in: Hyper-V | Leave a Comment
     
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